Janazah during mandatory social distancing

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Q. I cannot attend a janazah [Funeral Prayer] in my own city due to mandatory social distancing. I heard that you can do a janazah for someone who passed away in another land. Can I do that if someone in our community passes away?

A. Shafii books often mention that it is valid for you to perform a funeral prayer [salat al-janazah] for someone who passed away in another locale, but that this is not valid if the person passed away in the same locale as yourself. This is the gist of what you will find in Shayk al-Islam Zakariya al-Ansari’s Fath al-wahhab. If we stop here, we would conclude that it is invalid as well as unlawful, since it is unlawful to engage in an act known to be invalid.

However, if we look a little deeper, we find that scholars point out that the underlying reason for differentiating between one’s own locale and different locales is the ease of attendance and the difficulty of attendance. And among the difficulties they mention are confinement, sickness, and old age. Indeed, Shaykh al-Islam mentions these himself in Sharh al-bahjah. Imam al-Ramli and al-Khatib al-Shirbini affirm its validity in their commentaries, though Ibn Hajar negates it.

Additionally, all agree that someone who missed the janazah can pray it at the grave itself.

Based upon the above: Yes, someone who cannot attend a janazah because they are confined in their house due to mandatory social distancing can pray can perform a janazah on their own.

And Allah knows best.

Sources: al-Bujayrami hashiyah on Shaykh al-Islam Zakariya al-Ansari’s Fath al-wahhab, 1:479:

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Ųµ479 – ŁƒŲŖŲ§ŲØ Ų­Ų§Ų“ŁŠŲ© Ų§Ł„ŲØŲ¬ŁŠŲ±Ł…ŁŠ Ų¹Ł„Ł‰ Ų“Ų±Ų­ Ų§Ł„Ł…Ł†Ł‡Ų¬ Ų§Ł„ŲŖŲ¬Ų±ŁŠŲÆ Ł„Ł†ŁŲ¹ Ų§Ł„Ų¹ŲØŁŠŲÆ – ŁŲµŁ„ ŁŁŠ ŲµŁ„Ų§Ų© Ų§Ł„Ł…ŁŠŲŖ – Ų§Ł„Ł…ŁƒŲŖŲØŲ© Ų§Ł„Ų“Ų§Ł…Ł„Ų© Ų§Ł„Ų­ŲÆŁŠŲ«Ų©

Link: https://al-maktaba.org/book/21603/478#p4

Shaykh al-Islam Zakariya al-Ansari’s Sharh al-bahjah, 2:115ā€“116:

(Ł„ŁŽŲ§) Ų¹ŁŽŁ„ŁŽŁ‰ (Ų°ŁŁŠ ŲŗŁŽŁŠŁ’ŲØŁŽŲ©Ł) Ų¹ŁŽŁ†Ł’ Ų§Ł„Ł’Ł…ŁŽŲ¬Ł’Ł„ŁŲ³Ł Ł…ŁŽŲ¹ŁŽ ŁˆŁŲ¬ŁŁˆŲÆŁŁ‡Ł (ŁŁŁŠ Ų§Ł„Ł’ŲØŁŽŁ„ŁŽŲÆŁ) Ų› Ł„ŁŁ„ŁŲ§ŲŖŁ‘ŁŲØŁŽŲ§Ų¹ŁŲ› ŁˆŁŽŁ„ŁŲŖŁŽŁŠŁŽŲ³Ł‘ŁŲ±Ł Ų§Ł„Ł’Ų­ŁŲ¶ŁŁˆŲ±Ł ŁˆŁŽŲ“ŁŽŲØŁ‘ŁŽŁ‡ŁŁˆŁ‡Ł ŲØŁŲ§Ł„Ł’Ł‚ŁŽŲ¶ŁŽŲ§Ų”Ł Ų¹ŁŽŁ„ŁŽŁ‰ Ł…ŁŽŁ†Ł’ ŲØŁŲ§Ł„Ł’ŲØŁŽŁ„ŁŽŲÆŁ Ł…ŁŽŲ¹ŁŽ Ų„Ł…Ł’ŁƒŁŽŲ§Ł†Ł Ų„Ų­Ł’Ų¶ŁŽŲ§Ų±ŁŁ‡Ł ŁˆŁŽŲ§Ł„ŲŖŁ‘ŁŽŲ¹Ł’Ł„ŁŁŠŁ„Ł Ų§Ł„Ł’Ł…ŁŽŲ°Ł’ŁƒŁŁˆŲ±Ł ŁŠŁŁŁ’Ł‡ŁŁ…Ł Ų¬ŁŽŁˆŁŽŲ§Ų²ŁŽŁ‡ŁŽŲ§ Ł„ŁŁ„Ł’Ł…ŁŽŲ­Ł’ŲØŁŁˆŲ³Ł ŁˆŁŽŲØŁŁ‡Ł ŲµŁŽŲ±Ł‘ŁŽŲ­ŁŽ Ų§ŲØŁ’Ł†Ł Ų£ŁŽŲØŁŁŠ Ų§Ł„ŲÆŁ‘ŁŽŁ…Ł

Ųµ115 – ŁƒŲŖŲ§ŲØ Ų§Ł„ŲŗŲ±Ų± Ų§Ł„ŲØŁ‡ŁŠŲ© ŁŁŠ Ų“Ų±Ų­ Ų§Ł„ŲØŁ‡Ų¬Ų© Ų§Ł„ŁˆŲ±ŲÆŁŠŲ© – ŁŲ§Ų¦ŲÆŲ© ŁŁŠ Ų³ŲØŲØ ŲŖŲ³Ł…ŁŠŲ© Ł…Ł† Ł‚ŲŖŁ„ Ł‚ŲØŁ„ ŁŁŠ Ų­Ų±ŲØ Ų§Ł„ŁƒŁŲ§Ų± Ų“Ł‡ŁŠŲÆŲ§ – Ų§Ł„Ł…ŁƒŲŖŲØŲ© Ų§Ł„Ų“Ų§Ł…Ł„Ų© Ų§Ł„Ų­ŲÆŁŠŲ«Ų©

Link: https://al-maktaba.org/book/21848/588#p6

And the Ibn Hajar’s Tuhfah with its hawashi, 3:150:

(Ł‚ŁŽŁˆŁ’Ł„ŁŁ‡Ł: ŁˆŁŽŲ¹ŁŲ°ŁŲ±ŁŽ Ų„Ł„ŁŽŲ®Ł’) Ų®ŁŁ„ŁŽŲ§ŁŁ‹Ų§ Ł„ŁŁ„Ł†ŁŁ‘Ł‡ŁŽŲ§ŁŠŁŽŲ©Ł ŁˆŁŽŲ§Ł„Ł’Ł…ŁŲŗŁ’Ł†ŁŁŠ Ų¹ŁŲØŁŽŲ§Ų±ŁŽŲŖŁŁ‡ŁŁ…ŁŽŲ§ ŁˆŁŽŁ„ŁŽŁˆŁ’ ŲŖŁŽŲ¹ŁŽŲ°ŁŽŁ‘Ų±ŁŽ Ų¹ŁŽŁ„ŁŽŁ‰ Ł…ŁŽŁ†Ł’ ŁŁŁŠ Ų§Ł„Ł’ŲØŁŽŁ„ŁŽŲÆŁ Ų§Ł„Ł’Ų­ŁŲ¶ŁŁˆŲ±Ł ŲØŁŲ­ŁŽŲØŁ’Ų³Ł Ų£ŁŽŁˆŁ’ Ł…ŁŽŲ±ŁŽŲ¶Ł Ł„ŁŽŁ…Ł’ ŁŠŁŽŲØŁ’Ų¹ŁŲÆŁ’ Ų§Ł„Ł’Ų¬ŁŽŁˆŁŽŲ§Ų²Ł ŁƒŁŽŁ…ŁŽŲ§ ŲØŁŽŲ­ŁŽŲ«ŁŽŁ‡Ł Ų§Ł„Ł’Ų£ŁŽŲ°Ł’Ų±ŁŽŲ¹ŁŁŠŁŁ‘ ŁˆŁŽŲ¬ŁŽŲ²ŁŽŁ…ŁŽ ŲØŁŁ‡Ł Ų§ŲØŁ’Ł†Ł Ų£ŁŽŲØŁŁŠ Ų§Ł„ŲÆŁŽŁ‘Ł…Ł ŁŁŁŠ Ų§Ł„Ł’Ł…ŁŽŲ­Ł’ŲØŁŁˆŲ³Ł Ų§Ł‡Ł€ Ų²ŁŽŲ§ŲÆŁŽ Ų§Ł„Ł’Ų£ŁŽŁˆŁŽŁ‘Ł„Ł: Ł„ŁŲ£ŁŽŁ†ŁŽŁ‘Ł‡ŁŁ…Ł’ Ł‚ŁŽŲÆŁ’ Ų¹ŁŽŁ„ŁŽŁ‘Ł„ŁŁˆŲ§ Ų§Ł„Ł’Ł…ŁŽŁ†Ł’Ų¹ŁŽ ŲØŁŲŖŁŽŁŠŁŽŲ³ŁŁ‘Ų±Ł Ų§Ł„Ų°ŁŽŁ‘Ł‡ŁŽŲ§ŲØŁ Ų¹ŁŽŁ„ŁŽŁŠŁ’Ł‡Ł ŁˆŁŽŁŁŁŠ Ł…ŁŽŲ¹Ł’Ł†ŁŽŲ§Ł‡Ł Ų„Ų°ŁŽŲ§ Ł‚ŁŲŖŁŁ„ŁŽ Ų„Ł†Ł’Ų³ŁŽŲ§Ł†ŁŒ ŲØŁŲØŁŽŁ„ŁŽŲÆŁ ŁˆŁŽŲ£ŁŲ®Ł’ŁŁŁŠŁŽ Ł‚ŁŽŲØŁ’Ų±ŁŁ‡Ł Ų§Ł†Ł’ŲŖŁŽŁ‡ŁŽŁ‰ ŁŁŽŲŖŁŽŲ£ŁŽŁ…ŁŽŁ‘Ł„Ł’ Ł‚ŁŽŁˆŁ’Ł„ŁŽŁ‡Ł ” ŁˆŁŽŁŁŁŠ Ł…ŁŽŲ¹Ł’Ł†ŁŽŲ§Ł‡Ł Ų„Ł„ŁŽŲ®Ł’ ” Ł‡ŁŽŁ„Ł’ Ų§Ł„Ł’Ł…ŁŲ±ŁŽŲ§ŲÆŁ ŁŁŁŠ Ł…ŁŽŲ¹Ł’Ł†ŁŽŁ‰ Ų§Ł„Ł’ŲŗŁŽŲ§Ų¦ŁŲØŁ Ų£ŁŽŁŠŁ’ ŁŁŽŲŖŁŽŲµŁŲ­ŁŁ‘ ŲØŁŁ„ŁŽŲ§ Ų®ŁŁ„ŁŽŲ§ŁŁ Ų£ŁŽŁˆŁ’ ŁŁŁŠ Ų§Ł„Ł’Ų­ŁŽŲ§Ų¶ŁŲ±Ł Ų§Ł„Ł’Ł…ŁŽŲ¹Ł’Ų°ŁŁˆŲ±Ł ŁŁŽŲŖŁŽŁƒŁŁˆŁ†Ł Ų¹ŁŽŁ„ŁŽŁ‰ Ų§Ł„Ł’Ų®ŁŁ„ŁŽŲ§ŁŁ ŁˆŁŽŲ§Ł„Ł’Ų£ŁŽŁ‚Ł’Ų±ŁŽŲØŁ Ų§Ł„Ų«ŁŽŁ‘Ų§Ł†ŁŁŠ Ł„ŁŽŁƒŁŁ†Ł’ ŁŠŁŽŁ†Ł’ŲØŁŽŲŗŁŁŠ Ų£ŁŽŁ†ŁŽŁ‘Ł‡Ł Ų„Ų°ŁŽŲ§ Ų¹ŁŁ„ŁŁ…ŁŽ Ų£ŁŽŁ†ŁŽŁ‘Ł‡Ł ŲÆŁŁŁŁ†ŁŽ ŲØŁŁ„ŁŽŲ§ ŲµŁŽŁ„ŁŽŲ§Ų©Ł Ų£ŁŽŁ†Ł’ ŲŖŁŲ¬Ł’Ų²ŁŲ¦ŁŽ Ų§Ł„ŲµŁŽŁ‘Ł„ŁŽŲ§Ų©Ł Ų¹ŁŽŁ„ŁŽŁŠŁ’Ł‡Ł Ł‚ŁŽŲ·Ł’Ų¹Ł‹Ų§ ŁˆŁŽŲ„ŁŁ†Ł’ Ł‚ŁŁ„Ł’Ł†ŁŽŲ§ Ł„ŁŽŲ§ ŲŖŁŽŲµŁŲ­ŁŁ‘ ŲµŁŽŁ„ŁŽŲ§Ų©Ł Ų§Ł„Ł’Ł…ŁŽŲ­Ł’ŲØŁŁˆŲ³Ł ŲØŁŲ§Ł„Ł’ŲØŁŽŁ„ŁŽŲÆŁ Ł„ŁŁˆŁŲ¶ŁŁˆŲ­Ł Ų§Ł„Ł’ŁŁŽŲ±Ł’Ł‚Ł ŲØŁŽŁŠŁ’Ł†ŁŽŁ‡ŁŁ…ŁŽŲ§ ŲØŁŲ£ŁŽŁ†ŁŽŁ‘ Ų§Ł„Ł’Ł‚ŁŽŁˆŁ’Ł„ŁŽ ŲØŁŲ¹ŁŽŲÆŁŽŁ…Ł Ų§Ł„ŲµŁŁ‘Ų­ŁŽŁ‘Ų©Ł ŁŠŁŲ¤ŁŽŲÆŁŁ‘ŁŠ Ų„Ł„ŁŽŁ‰ ŲŖŁŽŲ¹Ł’Ų·ŁŁŠŁ„Ł ŁŁŽŲ±Ł’Ų¶Ł Ų§Ł„Ł’ŁƒŁŁŁŽŲ§ŁŠŁŽŲ©Ł ŲØŁŽŲµŁ’Ų±ŁŁŠŁŒŁ‘

Link: https://al-maktaba.org/book/9059/1148#p6

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